Indian Mango Varieties A State-by-State Guide To The King Of Fruits

India, the land of vibrant culture and diverse landscapes, is also the proud home of the king of fruits – the mango. With its succulent sweetness and rich flavor, the mango holds a special place in the hearts of Indians. From the bustling markets to the serene orchards, the aroma of ripe mangoes fills the air during the summer months. India boasts an impressive array of mango varieties, each with its unique taste, texture, and aroma. These varieties are cultivated across different states, reflecting the diverse agro-climatic conditions and regional preferences. This comprehensive guide will take you on a flavorful journey through the different Indian states, exploring the fascinating world of mango varieties.

Exploring the Diverse World of Indian Mangoes

The sheer diversity of mangoes in India is a testament to the country's rich agricultural heritage. From the north to the south, and the east to the west, each region has its own distinct mango cultivars that have been developed and refined over centuries. These mangoes are not just fruits; they are an integral part of the local culture, cuisine, and economy. The cultivation of mangoes provides livelihoods for millions of farmers and supports a vast network of related industries. The mango season, which typically spans from March to August, is a time of celebration and abundance, with mangoes being consumed in various forms – fresh, juiced, pickled, and used in desserts.

The variations in mangoes are influenced by factors such as climate, soil type, and cultivation practices. Some varieties thrive in the hot and humid conditions of the coastal regions, while others are better suited to the drier climates of the inland areas. The soil composition also plays a crucial role, with different soil types imparting distinct characteristics to the fruit. Traditional farming methods, passed down through generations, have also contributed to the development of unique mango varieties in different regions. Furthermore, the preferences of local consumers have shaped the selection and propagation of specific mangoes, leading to a remarkable diversity of flavors, textures, and aromas.

The Indian mango, scientifically known as Mangifera indica, belongs to the family Anacardiaceae, which also includes cashews and pistachios. Mangoes are believed to have originated in the Indian subcontinent thousands of years ago, and their cultivation has spread to other tropical and subtropical regions around the world. However, India remains the largest producer of mangoes, accounting for a significant portion of the global mango production. The country's vast genetic resources and the expertise of its farmers have made it a global leader in mango cultivation. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and various agricultural universities are actively involved in research and development efforts to further improve mango varieties and cultivation practices.

Mango Varieties by State

Uttar Pradesh: The Mango Heartland of India

Uttar Pradesh, often referred to as the “Mango Heartland of India,” boasts a rich legacy of mango cultivation. The state is home to a plethora of mango varieties, each with its own distinct characteristics and flavors. The fertile plains of Uttar Pradesh, coupled with its favorable climate, provide ideal conditions for mango cultivation. The state's mango orchards are a sight to behold during the flowering season, with the trees laden with fragrant blossoms. Uttar Pradesh mangoes are not only popular within India but are also exported to various countries, earning the state a reputation as a major mango producer.

One of the most famous mango varieties from Uttar Pradesh is the Dasheri. Known for its elongated shape, sweet taste, and vibrant yellow color, the Dasheri is a favorite among mango lovers. It is typically available from mid-June to July and is prized for its smooth, fiberless flesh. The Dasheri mango is believed to have originated in the village of Dasheri near Lucknow and has since become one of the most widely cultivated mango varieties in India. Its popularity extends beyond Uttar Pradesh, with Dasheri mangoes being grown in other states as well.

Another popular mango variety from Uttar Pradesh is the Chausa. This mango is known for its golden yellow color, sweet aroma, and juicy flesh. The Chausa mango is typically available from July to August and is a late-season variety. It is believed to have originated in the town of Chausa in Uttar Pradesh and is known for its distinct flavor profile. The Chausa mango is often used in making mango shakes and other desserts.

Langra is yet another prominent mango variety from Uttar Pradesh. Characterized by its greenish-yellow color, unique taste, and fibrous flesh, the Langra is a mid-season variety that is available from June to July. The Langra mango is believed to have originated in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, and is known for its slightly tangy flavor. Despite its fibrous flesh, the Langra mango is highly appreciated for its distinctive taste and aroma.

Maharashtra: The Alphonso Kingdom

Maharashtra, particularly the Konkan region, is renowned for its Alphonso mangoes. Often hailed as the “King of Mangoes,” the Alphonso is prized for its rich flavor, creamy texture, and aromatic fragrance. The Alphonso mango is a source of pride for Maharashtra and is exported to various countries, earning the state a reputation as a producer of premium-quality mangoes. The coastal climate and fertile soil of the Konkan region provide ideal conditions for Alphonso mango cultivation.

The Alphonso mango, locally known as Hapus, is characterized by its oval shape, golden yellow color, and smooth skin. The flesh of the Alphonso mango is fiberless, with a rich, sweet taste and a subtle tang. The aroma of the Alphonso mango is incredibly captivating, making it a favorite among mango connoisseurs. The Alphonso mango is typically available from April to June and is considered a mid-season variety.

The cultivation of Alphonso mangoes in Maharashtra dates back centuries, with the variety believed to have been introduced by the Portuguese in the 16th century. The name “Alphonso” is said to be derived from Afonso de Albuquerque, a Portuguese general and viceroy. The Alphonso mango is primarily grown in the Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg, and Raigad districts of Maharashtra. The farmers in these regions have perfected the art of Alphonso mango cultivation, using traditional methods passed down through generations.

While Alphonso is the most famous mango variety from Maharashtra, the state also produces other notable mangoes, such as Kesar, Pairi, and Lalbagh. The Kesar mango, known for its saffron-colored flesh and sweet taste, is another popular variety from Maharashtra. The Pairi mango is a small, sweet, and juicy mango that is often used in making mango pulp and juices. The Lalbagh mango is a large, reddish-yellow mango with a sweet and tangy flavor.

Gujarat: The Land of Kesar and More

Gujarat is another major mango-producing state in India, known for its Kesar mangoes. The Kesar mango, often referred to as the “Queen of Mangoes,” is characterized by its distinctive saffron-colored pulp, sweet taste, and pleasant aroma. The Kesar mango is primarily grown in the Junagadh district of Gujarat and is a significant contributor to the state's economy. The dry climate and fertile soil of the region provide favorable conditions for Kesar mango cultivation.

The Kesar mango is typically available from May to July and is a mid-season variety. The name “Kesar” is derived from the Hindi word for saffron, which aptly describes the color of the mango's flesh. The Kesar mango is prized for its smooth, fiberless texture and its rich, sweet flavor. It is often used in making mango desserts, such as mango lassi and mango ice cream.

Besides Kesar, Gujarat also produces other notable mango varieties, such as Rajapuri, Alphonso, and Langra. The Rajapuri mango is a large, oval-shaped mango with a sweet and tangy flavor. It is often used in making mango pickles and chutneys. The Alphonso mango, as mentioned earlier, is also grown in Gujarat, although the Alphonso mangoes from Maharashtra are considered to be of superior quality. The Langra mango is another popular variety grown in Gujarat, known for its unique taste and fibrous flesh.

South India: A Mango Paradise

The southern states of India, including Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, are collectively a mango paradise. These states boast a diverse range of mango varieties, each with its own unique flavor profile and characteristics. The tropical climate and fertile soil of South India provide ideal conditions for mango cultivation. South Indian mangoes are not only consumed within the country but are also exported to various international markets.

Andhra Pradesh: Banganapalle and Beyond

Andhra Pradesh is renowned for its Banganapalle mangoes, also known as Benishan. The Banganapalle mango is characterized by its large size, oval shape, and thin skin. The flesh of the Banganapalle mango is fiberless, with a sweet and mildly tangy flavor. The Banganapalle mango is typically available from April to June and is considered a mid-season variety. It is widely cultivated in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh and is known for its long shelf life.

Besides Banganapalle, Andhra Pradesh also produces other notable mango varieties, such as Totapuri, Neelam, and Suvarnarekha. The Totapuri mango is a large, oblong-shaped mango with a slightly sour taste. It is often used in making mango pulp and juices. The Neelam mango is a small, oval-shaped mango with a sweet and aromatic flavor. It is a late-season variety that is available from June to July. The Suvarnarekha mango is a small, yellow-colored mango with a sweet and tangy taste.

Karnataka: The Alphonso and Mallika Connection

Karnataka is another major mango-producing state in South India, known for its Alphonso and Mallika mangoes. The Alphonso mango, as mentioned earlier, is also grown in Karnataka, particularly in the coastal districts. The Mallika mango is a hybrid variety developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) in Delhi. It is a cross between the Neelum and Dasheri mango varieties and is known for its sweet taste, fiberless flesh, and pleasant aroma. The Mallika mango is typically available from June to July and is a late-season variety.

In addition to Alphonso and Mallika, Karnataka also produces other notable mango varieties, such as Badami, Raspuri, and Sendura. The Badami mango is a popular variety from Karnataka, known for its sweet taste and smooth texture. The Raspuri mango is a small, oval-shaped mango with a sweet and tangy flavor. The Sendura mango is a medium-sized mango with a sweet and juicy flesh.

Tamil Nadu: The Salem and Imam Pasand Delights

Tamil Nadu boasts a diverse range of mango varieties, including Salem, Imam Pasand, and Alphonso. The Salem mango, also known as Gundu, is a popular variety from Tamil Nadu, known for its round shape and sweet taste. The Imam Pasand mango is a large, oval-shaped mango with a rich and creamy texture. It is considered to be one of the finest mango varieties in India. The Alphonso mango, as mentioned earlier, is also grown in Tamil Nadu, particularly in the Krishnagiri district.

Besides Salem, Imam Pasand, and Alphonso, Tamil Nadu also produces other notable mango varieties, such as Senthooram, Malgova, and Rumani. The Senthooram mango is a small, red-colored mango with a sweet and tangy flavor. The Malgova mango is a large, round-shaped mango with a sweet and juicy flesh. The Rumani mango is a small, round-shaped mango with a unique flavor.

Conclusion

The world of Indian mangoes is a fascinating tapestry of flavors, textures, and aromas. From the Alphonso of Maharashtra to the Dasheri of Uttar Pradesh and the Banganapalle of Andhra Pradesh, each mango variety has its own unique story to tell. The diversity of Indian mangoes reflects the country's rich agricultural heritage and the expertise of its farmers. As you embark on your mango journey, be sure to savor the incredible range of flavors and appreciate the cultural significance of this beloved fruit. The king of fruits truly reigns supreme in India, offering a delectable experience for every palate.