189 Vs 190 Visa For Software Engineers A Comprehensive Guide

July 27, 2025 by StackCamp Team 61 views

189 or 190 for Software Engineers: Choosing the Right Visa

Choosing between the 189 visa and the 190 visa can be a crucial decision for software engineers looking to migrate to Australia. Both visas offer permanent residency, but they differ significantly in their requirements and pathways. Understanding these differences is key to making the right choice for your individual circumstances. This comprehensive guide aims to provide a detailed comparison of the 189 and 190 visas, specifically tailored for software engineers, to help you navigate the complexities of Australian immigration.

Understanding the Australian Skilled Migration Program

Before diving into the specifics of the 189 and 190 visas, it's important to grasp the fundamentals of the Australian Skilled Migration Program. This program is designed to attract skilled workers who can contribute to the Australian economy. Australia uses a points-based system to assess visa applicants, considering factors like age, education, work experience, English language proficiency, and other criteria. Software engineering falls under the skilled occupation list, making it a highly sought-after profession in Australia.

The Skilled Migration Program has several visa options, but the two most common for software engineers are the Subclass 189 (Skilled Independent) visa and the Subclass 190 (Skilled Nominated) visa. Both visas grant permanent residency, allowing you to live, work, and study anywhere in Australia. However, the key difference lies in the sponsorship requirements.

Key Components of the Skilled Migration Program:

Occupation Lists: Australia maintains lists of occupations that are in demand. Software engineers typically fall under the ANZSCO code 2613, which covers roles like Software Engineer, Software Tester, and Developer Programmer. Checking the relevant occupation list (Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List - MLTSSL, Short-term Skilled Occupation List - STSOL, or Regional Occupation List - ROL) is the first step in determining your eligibility.
Skills Assessment: Before applying for either visa, you need to have your skills assessed by a relevant assessing authority. For software engineers, this is usually the Australian Computer Society (ACS). The skills assessment verifies that your qualifications and work experience meet Australian standards.
Points Test: The points test is a crucial part of the application process. Points are awarded for various factors, including age, English language ability, educational qualifications, work experience, and other criteria. To be eligible for the 189 and 190 visas, you need to meet a minimum points threshold, which fluctuates based on demand.
Expression of Interest (EOI): To apply for either visa, you must first submit an Expression of Interest (EOI) through SkillSelect, an online system managed by the Department of Home Affairs. The EOI provides information about your skills, qualifications, and work experience. If your EOI meets the criteria, you may receive an invitation to apply for the visa.

Understanding these foundational elements is critical before we delve deeper into the specifics of the 189 and 190 visas, helping you better strategize your path to Australian permanent residency. These visas are a golden ticket for software engineers, offering not just a job but a new life in a country known for its high quality of life and thriving tech industry. Let's get into the nitty-gritty, shall we?

Subclass 189 Visa: The Independent Route

The Subclass 189 visa, often referred to as the Skilled Independent visa, is a popular choice for software engineers who meet the eligibility criteria without the need for state or territory nomination. This visa allows you to live and work anywhere in Australia, providing maximum flexibility and independence. If you're a software engineer with a strong skill set and substantial experience, this could be your ideal pathway.

The beauty of the 189 visa lies in its simplicity: you're assessed solely on your individual merits. There's no need to secure sponsorship from a specific state or territory, which means you're free to choose where you want to live and work in Australia. This independence is a major draw for many skilled migrants, especially those who have specific preferences regarding location or lifestyle. So, if you're the kind of person who likes to chart their own course, the 189 might just be your ship.

Key Requirements for the 189 Visa:

Eligible Occupation: Your occupation must be listed on the Medium and Long-term Strategic Skills List (MLTSSL). Software engineers, under the ANZSCO code 2613, are typically included on this list. This is the first checkpoint – make sure your skills are in demand!
Skills Assessment: You must have a positive skills assessment from the relevant assessing authority, which, for software engineers, is usually the Australian Computer Society (ACS). The ACS will evaluate your qualifications and work experience to ensure they meet Australian standards. Think of this as your professional report card – you need a good grade to move forward.
Age: You must be under 45 years of age at the time of invitation. This is a standard requirement across many skilled migration visas, as Australia aims to attract younger workers who can contribute to the economy for a longer period.
English Language Proficiency: You need to demonstrate competent English language skills by achieving a minimum score in an approved English language test, such as IELTS or PTE. For most software engineers, this isn't a major hurdle, but it's crucial to ensure you meet the requirements. Communication is key, guys!
Points Test Score: You must score at least 65 points on the points test, although in reality, the higher your score, the better your chances of receiving an invitation. Points are awarded for factors like age, education, work experience, English language proficiency, and other criteria. This is where you can really shine by showcasing your strengths.
Health and Character Requirements: You must meet Australia’s health and character requirements. This involves undergoing medical examinations and providing police clearances from any country you’ve lived in for 12 months or more in the past 10 years. These checks ensure you're healthy and of good character.

Benefits of the 189 Visa:

Freedom of Choice: Live and work anywhere in Australia without any restrictions. This flexibility is a major advantage, allowing you to choose the city or region that best suits your lifestyle and career aspirations.
Permanent Residency: Grants permanent residency from the date of grant, allowing you to access social security benefits, healthcare, and education.
Pathway to Citizenship: After meeting the residency requirements, you can apply for Australian citizenship. Becoming an Aussie citizen is a dream for many migrants, and the 189 visa is a direct route to that goal.

Securing a 189 visa is like winning the lottery for software engineers. It offers unparalleled freedom and the opportunity to build a fulfilling life in Australia. But it's not a walk in the park – you need to meet stringent requirements and score competitive points. So, buckle up and let's explore the other option: the 190 visa.

Subclass 190 Visa: The Nominated Route

The Subclass 190 visa, also known as the Skilled Nominated visa, is another pathway to permanent residency in Australia for software engineers. Unlike the 189 visa, the 190 visa requires nomination from a state or territory government. This means you need to be sponsored by a specific state or territory, which comes with its own set of advantages and obligations.

The 190 visa is ideal for software engineers who may not score enough points for the 189 visa or who are interested in living and working in a particular state or territory. State nomination provides an additional 5 points towards your overall score, which can significantly boost your chances of receiving an invitation. Think of it as a helping hand – a state government saying, "We want you!"

Key Requirements for the 190 Visa:

Eligible Occupation: Similar to the 189 visa, your occupation must be listed on the relevant skilled occupation list. Software engineers are generally eligible under the ANZSCO code 2613.
Skills Assessment: A positive skills assessment from the Australian Computer Society (ACS) is mandatory. This ensures your qualifications and experience meet Australian standards.
Age: You must be under 45 years of age at the time of invitation.
English Language Proficiency: You need to demonstrate competent English language skills through an approved English language test.
Points Test Score: You must score at least 65 points on the points test, including the 5 points awarded for state nomination. This is where the 190 visa shines – those extra 5 points can be a game-changer.
State Nomination: This is the key difference. You need to apply for nomination from a specific state or territory government. Each state has its own criteria and occupation lists, so it’s crucial to research your options carefully.
Health and Character Requirements: You must meet Australia’s health and character requirements.

Understanding State Nomination:

Each state and territory in Australia has its own skilled migration program and nominates candidates based on its specific needs. State nomination is a competitive process, and each state has its own set of criteria, occupation lists, and requirements. Some states may prioritize certain occupations or require candidates to have specific work experience or qualifications. So, doing your homework here is crucial.

Here’s a general overview of what state nomination involves:

Research State Requirements: Each state and territory has its own website with detailed information about its nomination criteria and occupation lists. Start by identifying the states that are likely to nominate software engineers.
Check Occupation Lists: Ensure that your occupation (software engineer) is listed on the state's skilled occupation list. Some states may have specific requirements or caveats for certain occupations.
Meet State-Specific Criteria: States may have additional requirements, such as minimum work experience, specific qualifications, or English language proficiency levels. Make sure you meet these criteria before applying.
Apply for State Nomination: You’ll need to submit an application for state nomination to the relevant state government. This usually involves providing detailed information about your skills, qualifications, and work experience.
Receive Nomination: If your application is successful, the state will nominate you, and you’ll receive an invitation to apply for the 190 visa from the Department of Home Affairs.

Benefits of the 190 Visa:

Additional Points: State nomination provides an extra 5 points, increasing your chances of receiving an invitation.
Wider Opportunities: The 190 visa opens up opportunities in states and territories that may not be as competitive as the major cities.
Priority Processing: Some states may offer priority processing for certain occupations, including software engineers.
Permanent Residency: Grants permanent residency from the date of grant, allowing you to access social security benefits, healthcare, and education.
Pathway to Citizenship: Like the 189 visa, the 190 visa provides a pathway to Australian citizenship.

Choosing the 190 visa is like taking a strategic detour – you might have a specific destination in mind (a particular state), and you're willing to make a commitment to get there. This visa can be a lifesaver if you're just shy of the points needed for the 189, or if you have a strong preference for a particular region of Australia. So, let's break down how to decide which visa is the best fit for you.

189 vs 190: Which Visa is Right for You?

Deciding between the 189 and 190 visas can feel like a high-stakes game, but it doesn't have to be. The key is to carefully evaluate your individual circumstances, weigh the pros and cons of each visa, and make an informed decision. Let's dive into a detailed comparison to help you choose the right path.

Key Differences Summarized:

Feature	Subclass 189 (Skilled Independent)	Subclass 190 (Skilled Nominated)
Nomination	No state nomination required	Requires nomination from a state or territory government
Points	Requires a higher points score	5 additional points for state nomination
Location Flexibility	Can live and work anywhere in Australia	Must live and work in the nominating state for a specified period (usually 2 years)
Processing Time	Generally faster processing times	Processing times can vary depending on the state
Ideal For	Candidates with high points and no specific location preference	Candidates who want to live in a specific state or who need the extra 5 points

Factors to Consider:

Points Score:
- 189 Visa: If you have a high points score (85 or more), the 189 visa is likely your best bet. The higher your score, the more competitive you are, and the faster you're likely to receive an invitation. Aim high, guys!
- 190 Visa: If your points score is closer to the minimum (65-75), the 190 visa can be a strategic choice. The 5 points for state nomination can make a significant difference. Think of it as a boost that could get you over the line.
Location Preference:
- 189 Visa: If you're open to living anywhere in Australia and want the freedom to choose your location, the 189 visa is the way to go. You're not tied to a specific state, giving you maximum flexibility.
- 190 Visa: If you have a strong preference for a particular state or territory, the 190 visa is ideal. However, be prepared to commit to living and working in that state for a specified period, typically two years. This commitment is the trade-off for the extra points.
Occupation Demand in States:
- 189 Visa: The demand for software engineers is generally high across Australia, but some states may have specific needs. Keep an eye on the occupation lists and demand in different states.
- 190 Visa: Research the occupation lists for each state and territory. Some states may prioritize certain occupations or have specific requirements. Aligning your skills with a state's needs can increase your chances of nomination.
Processing Times:
- 189 Visa: Generally, the 189 visa has faster processing times compared to the 190 visa, as there's no state nomination process involved. Time is money, right?
- 190 Visa: Processing times for the 190 visa can vary depending on the state and the volume of applications. Be prepared for a potentially longer wait time.
State Nomination Requirements:
- 189 Visa: No state nomination requirements.
- 190 Visa: Each state has its own criteria for nomination, which may include specific work experience, qualifications, or English language proficiency levels. Research the requirements of your preferred state carefully. This is where the devil is in the details.

Scenarios to Consider:

Scenario 1: High Points, No Location Preference:
- If you have a high points score (85+) and no strong preference for a particular location, the 189 visa is the clear winner. Go for it!
Scenario 2: Lower Points, Specific Location Preference:
- If your points score is lower (65-75) and you have a strong desire to live in a specific state, the 190 visa is a strategic choice. Target that state nomination!
Scenario 3: Moderate Points, Open to Options:
- If you have a moderate points score (75-85) and are open to different locations, consider applying for both the 189 and 190 visas. This maximizes your chances of receiving an invitation.

Choosing between the 189 and 190 visas is a personal decision. There's no one-size-fits-all answer. By carefully considering your points score, location preferences, and state nomination requirements, you can make the right choice for your future in Australia. So, take a deep breath, assess your options, and get ready to make your move!

Steps to Take After Choosing Your Visa

Once you've decided between the 189 and 190 visas, the real work begins. The application process can be complex and time-consuming, but with careful planning and execution, you can increase your chances of success. Let's break down the key steps you need to take after choosing your visa path.

1. Skills Assessment:

Gather Documents: The first step is to gather all the necessary documents for your skills assessment. For software engineers, this usually involves submitting your academic qualifications, employment references, and any other relevant certifications. Think of this as assembling your professional portfolio – you want to showcase your best work.
Apply to ACS: Submit your application to the Australian Computer Society (ACS), the assessing authority for software engineers. The ACS will evaluate your qualifications and experience against Australian standards. Be prepared to pay an assessment fee and wait for the outcome, which can take several weeks.
Receive Skills Assessment: If your assessment is successful, you'll receive a positive skills assessment letter, which is a crucial document for your visa application. This letter confirms that your skills are recognized in Australia.

2. Expression of Interest (EOI):

Create SkillSelect Account: Log in or create an account in SkillSelect.
Submit EOI: Once you have a positive skills assessment, you can submit an Expression of Interest (EOI) through SkillSelect. The EOI is an online form where you provide information about your skills, qualifications, work experience, and other relevant details. Be accurate and thorough in your responses.
Indicate Visa Preference: In your EOI, indicate whether you're applying for the 189 or 190 visa (or both). If you're applying for the 190 visa, you'll need to specify which states you're interested in.
Points Score: SkillSelect will automatically calculate your points score based on the information you provide. Double-check the score to ensure it's accurate. This is your score in the game, and you want to make sure it's counted correctly.

3. State Nomination (for 190 Visa):

Research State Requirements: If you're applying for the 190 visa, research the nomination requirements for your preferred state or territory. Each state has its own criteria, occupation lists, and application process.
Apply for Nomination: Submit an application for state nomination to the relevant state government. This usually involves providing detailed information about your skills, qualifications, and work experience. Be prepared to address state-specific criteria, such as demonstrating a commitment to living and working in the state.
Receive Nomination: If your application is successful, the state will nominate you, and you'll receive an invitation to apply for the 190 visa from the Department of Home Affairs. This is a golden ticket – it means the state wants you!

4. Visa Application:

Receive Invitation: If your EOI is successful and you meet the criteria, you'll receive an invitation to apply for the visa from the Department of Home Affairs. This invitation will be sent to your SkillSelect account.
Gather Documents: Once you receive an invitation, you'll need to gather all the necessary documents for your visa application. This includes your passport, birth certificate, skills assessment letter, English language test results, police clearances, and medical examination reports. Think of this as assembling your visa dossier – it needs to be complete and accurate.
Apply Online: Submit your visa application online through the Department of Home Affairs website. Be sure to complete all sections of the application form and upload all required documents. Pay the visa application fee.
Medical Examinations and Police Clearances: You'll need to undergo medical examinations and obtain police clearances from any country you've lived in for 12 months or more in the past 10 years. These checks are standard for all visa applicants.

5. Visa Grant and Arrival:

Visa Grant: If your application is successful, the Department of Home Affairs will grant you the visa. You'll receive a visa grant notification, which will include details about your visa conditions and validity period. Celebrate – you've made it!
Plan Your Move: Once your visa is granted, start planning your move to Australia. This includes arranging flights, accommodation, and other logistics. Consider opening an Australian bank account and researching job opportunities in your field.
Arrival in Australia: Upon arrival in Australia, make sure you comply with all visa conditions, such as living and working in the nominating state (for the 190 visa). Register with relevant professional bodies and start networking to find job opportunities.

Tips for a Smooth Application Process:

Be Organized: Keep all your documents organized and easily accessible. Create a checklist of required documents and track your progress.
Be Accurate: Ensure all the information you provide is accurate and consistent across all documents and applications.
Seek Professional Advice: Consider consulting with a registered migration agent for guidance and assistance. A migration agent can help you navigate the complexities of the visa application process.
Be Patient: The visa application process can take time, so be patient and persistent. Don't get discouraged by delays or setbacks. Stay focused on your goal.

Navigating the Australian skilled migration system can seem daunting, but with the right information and a strategic approach, you can achieve your dream of living and working in Australia. So, take the first step, gather your documents, and start your journey today!

Life as a Software Engineer in Australia

So, you've chosen your visa, navigated the application process, and received your grant. Congratulations! Now, it's time to think about what life will be like as a software engineer in Australia. The Australian tech industry is thriving, offering excellent opportunities and a high quality of life. Let's explore what you can expect.

Job Market for Software Engineers:

Australia's tech industry is booming, creating a high demand for skilled software engineers. The demand is driven by factors such as the growth of e-commerce, the adoption of cloud technologies, and the increasing importance of data analytics. This means there are plenty of job opportunities for talented professionals like you. The future is bright, guys!

Here's a snapshot of the job market:

High Demand: Software engineers are consistently listed on Australia's skilled occupation lists, indicating a strong demand across the country.
Diverse Opportunities: You can find job opportunities in a wide range of industries, including technology, finance, healthcare, and government. This diversity allows you to choose a role that aligns with your interests and career goals.
Competitive Salaries: Australian salaries for software engineers are competitive, reflecting the high demand for skills. You can expect a comfortable lifestyle and financial stability.
Career Growth: The Australian tech industry offers excellent opportunities for career growth and advancement. You can progress from junior roles to senior positions, such as team lead, architect, or project manager.

Key Tech Hubs in Australia:

Australia has several major tech hubs where you'll find a concentration of job opportunities and tech companies. These cities offer a vibrant tech ecosystem and a supportive community for software engineers.

Sydney: Sydney is the largest city in Australia and a major tech hub. It's home to many multinational tech companies, startups, and research institutions. You'll find a wide range of job opportunities in Sydney, from software development to data science.
Melbourne: Melbourne is another major tech hub, known for its vibrant startup scene and innovative culture. The city has a strong focus on software development, digital media, and e-commerce. It's a great place to be if you're looking for a creative and dynamic environment.
Brisbane: Brisbane is a growing tech hub with a strong focus on technology and innovation. The city is attracting investment in areas such as artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and data analytics. Brisbane offers a more relaxed lifestyle compared to Sydney and Melbourne.
Perth: Perth is a thriving tech hub in Western Australia, driven by the resources sector and the growth of technology companies. The city has a strong focus on mining technology, automation, and data analytics. It's a great place to be if you're interested in these areas.
Adelaide: Adelaide is emerging as a tech hub with a focus on defense technology, space technology, and cybersecurity. The city is home to several major defense companies and research institutions. It's a great place to be if you're interested in these specialized fields.

Salary Expectations:

Salaries for software engineers in Australia are competitive, reflecting the high demand for skilled professionals. Your salary will depend on factors such as your experience, qualifications, skills, and location. However, you can expect a comfortable income and a good standard of living.

Here's a general overview of salary expectations:

Entry-Level Software Engineer: AUD 70,000 - AUD 90,000 per year
Mid-Level Software Engineer: AUD 90,000 - AUD 120,000 per year
Senior Software Engineer: AUD 120,000 - AUD 160,000+ per year

These are just indicative figures, and actual salaries may vary. However, they provide a good starting point for your salary expectations.

Work Culture and Lifestyle:

Australia is known for its excellent work-life balance and laid-back culture. Australians value their leisure time and prioritize spending time with family and friends. You can expect a supportive work environment and a healthy work-life balance.

Here are some aspects of Australian work culture and lifestyle:

Work-Life Balance: Australians value work-life balance and typically work a 38-hour week. You can expect to have time for hobbies, social activities, and family life.
Supportive Work Environment: Australian workplaces are generally supportive and collaborative. You'll find a team-oriented culture and opportunities for professional development.
Outdoor Lifestyle: Australia is known for its beautiful beaches, national parks, and outdoor activities. You can enjoy a wide range of outdoor pursuits, such as surfing, hiking, and camping.
Multicultural Society: Australia is a multicultural society with people from all over the world. You'll find a diverse and welcoming community.
High Quality of Life: Australia offers a high quality of life, with excellent healthcare, education, and infrastructure. You can expect a safe and comfortable environment.

Cost of Living:

The cost of living in Australia can be relatively high, particularly in major cities like Sydney and Melbourne. However, salaries are also competitive, and you can expect a good standard of living. The cost of living will vary depending on your lifestyle and location.

Here are some factors to consider:

Accommodation: Rent or mortgage costs can be significant, particularly in major cities. Consider your housing options carefully.
Transportation: Public transportation is generally good in major cities, but you may need a car if you live in a more remote area.
Healthcare: Australia has a public healthcare system called Medicare, which provides access to free or subsidized medical care. However, you may also want to consider private health insurance.
Education: Public education is free for Australian citizens and permanent residents. However, you may need to pay fees for private schools or tertiary education.
Groceries and Utilities: The cost of groceries and utilities can be moderate to high, depending on your consumption patterns.

Making the Most of Your New Life:

Moving to a new country is a big step, but it's also an exciting opportunity. To make the most of your new life in Australia, here are some tips:

Network: Attend industry events, join professional associations, and connect with other software engineers. Networking can help you find job opportunities and build your career.
Learn the Culture: Familiarize yourself with Australian culture and customs. This will help you integrate into the community and build relationships.
Explore: Take the time to explore your new city and state. Australia has a diverse range of landscapes, from beaches to mountains to deserts. Get out there and discover!
Stay Connected: Keep in touch with family and friends back home, but also make an effort to build new connections in Australia.
Be Open-Minded: Embrace new experiences and opportunities. Be open to trying new things and stepping outside your comfort zone.

Life as a software engineer in Australia can be rewarding and fulfilling. With a thriving job market, a high quality of life, and a supportive community, you can build a successful career and a happy life in this beautiful country. So, pack your bags, brush up on your Aussie slang, and get ready for the adventure of a lifetime! G'day, mate!

Conclusion

Choosing between the 189 and 190 visas is a critical decision for software engineers seeking to migrate to Australia. Both visas offer permanent residency and a pathway to citizenship, but they cater to different circumstances and preferences. The 189 visa provides independence and flexibility, while the 190 visa offers a strategic route for those seeking state nomination.

By carefully evaluating your points score, location preferences, and state nomination requirements, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your individual goals. Remember to thoroughly research the requirements, gather the necessary documents, and seek professional advice if needed.

Once you've chosen your visa path, be prepared for a detailed application process that includes skills assessment, EOI submission, and visa application. Patience and persistence are key, as the process can take time and effort.

Life as a software engineer in Australia offers a rewarding career, a high quality of life, and a supportive community. With a thriving tech industry and a laid-back culture, Australia is an attractive destination for skilled professionals from around the world.

So, whether you choose the independent route of the 189 visa or the nominated path of the 190 visa, the opportunity to build a successful career and a fulfilling life in Australia awaits. Start planning your journey today, and get ready to embrace the Aussie dream!